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<title>中国电子设计网</title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/</link>
<description>电子技术；电子技术博客；技术博客；技术园地</description>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[IC与ISO15693标准的读卡器设计]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/200882715647.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-27 15:06:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0px"><B>１　概述</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＩＣ卡的发展经历了从存储卡到智能卡、从接触式卡到非接触式卡、以及从近距离到远距离的过程。对于接触卡（ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ７８１６标准定义），读卡机必须和卡的触点接触才能与卡进行信息交换，因此存在磨损严重、易受污染、寿命短、操作费时等缺点。为解决上述问题，人们开始采用非接触式卡技术。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">非接触式卡又称射频卡或感应卡。它采用无线电调制方式和读卡机进行信息交换。射频识别ＲＦＩＤ技术是从九十年代兴起的一项自动识别技术。它利用无线射频方式进行非接触双向通信，以达到识别目的并可进行数据交换。<BR><IMG height=199 hspace=10 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223359734.gif" width=549 vspace=10 border=0><BR><FONT size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><SPAN class=main1>ＲＦＩＤ与磁卡、ＩＣ卡等接触式识别技术不同，ＲＦＩＤ系统的电子标签和读写器之间无须物理接触就可完成识别，因此它具有多目标识别、运动目标识别的特点。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">目前ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１０５３６定义的卡称为密耦合卡；ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ １４４４３定义的卡则是近耦合卡（ＰＩＣＣ），对应的读卡机简写为ＰＣＤ；而ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１５６９３对应的卡是遥耦合卡（ＶＩＣＣ），对应的读卡机简写为ＶＣＤ。ＶＩＣＣ比ＰＩＣＣ具有更远的读卡距离（为１ｍ左右），二者均采用１３．５６ＭＨｚ工作频率，并都具有防冲突机制。<BR><BR><B>２　硬件设计</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">图１所示是一个射频读写系统的工作原理图，它主要由ＡＳＩＣ和ＶＩＣＣ两部分组成。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">２．１ ＡＳＩＣ电路的工作原理<IMG height=135 hspace=1 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223359580.gif" width=393 align=right vspace=1 border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">对于图１所示的射频读写系统，ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ １５６９３－２所规定的ＶＣＤ与ＶＩＣＣ通信物理层协议全部可由ＡＳＩＣ芯片ＲＩ－Ｒ６Ｃ００１来实现，用户通过同步串行接口（ＳＰＩ），并遵照ＡＳＣＩ的通信要求就可实现ＶＩＣＣ的读写操作。ＭＣＵ和ＡＳＩＣ的通信接口有三根线：ＳＣＬＯＣＫ、ＤＩＮ、ＤＯＵＴ，分别代表时钟线、数据输入线、数据输出线。时钟线是双向的，发送数据时由ＭＣＵ控制，接收数据时则由ＡＳＩＣ控制， ＡＳＩＣ在时钟的上升沿锁存数据。ＤＯＵＴ除了具有在接收数据期间的数据输出功能外，还有表征ＡＳＩＣ内部ＦＩＦＯ的功能。ＤＯＵＴ带有内部下拉，平时为低电平。输入数据过程中，当ＡＳＩＣ的１６位ＦＩＦＯ寄存器满时，ＤＯＵＴ线会自动跳变为高电平，直到ＦＩＦＯ寄存器为空，ＤＯＵＴ线又会跳变为低电平。在ＤＯＵＴ为高电平期间，输入数据无效。除了通信线外，系统还有一条Ｍ＿ＥＲＲ线，用于在同时读多张卡的时候表征数据的冲突情况。同样，Ｍ＿ＥＲＲ线也有内部下拉，平时为低电平，冲突时此线会升为高电平。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">对ＡＳＩＣ的操作有三种模式：普通模式、寄存器模式和直接模式。直接模式下，ＭＣＵ要直接面向射频信号处理，比较复杂，所以此种模式一般不用。普通模式和寄存器模式均为标准的数字信号操作，其区别在于规定芯片操作的一些参数不同（例如规定所采用的射频协议、调制方式及传输速率是在命令序列中规定，还是由寄存器来设定的）。普通模式每条指令均含有该指令使用的参数，而寄存器模式指令序列中并不含这些参数，而是由预先写入的寄存器中的数值来决定。若使ＲＩ－Ｒ６Ｃ－００１Ａ芯片正常工作，ＡＳＩＣ上电后必须首先初始化时间寄存器。<BR><IMG height=268 hspace=10 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/2006922340621.gif" width=549 vspace=10 border=0><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><SPAN class=main1>２．２ ＶＩＣＣ－Ｔａｇ－ｉｔ应答器</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＶＩＣＣ－Ｔａｇ－ｉｔ应答器完全兼容于ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１５６９３标准协议。ＶＩＣＣ－Ｔａｇ－ｉｔ应答器内有国际统一且不重复的８字节（６４ｂｉｔ）唯一识别内码（Ｕｎｉｑｕｅ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｒ，简称ＵＩＤ）。图２是ＵＩＤ唯一识别内码的格式示意图，其中第１～４８ｂｉｔ共６字节为生产厂商的产品编码；第４９～５６ｂｉｔ的１个字节为厂商代码（ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ７８１６－６／ＡＭ１），最高字节固定为“ＥＯ”；８位ＡＦＩ（应用识别号）和８位ＤＳＦＩＤ（数据存储格式）用来对卡和特定应用的特征进行标识。卡内有２ｋｂｉｔ ＥＥＰＲＯＭ，分成６４个块，每块３２个ｂｉｔ。每个块均可以锁定，以保护数据不被修改。ＡＦＩ、ＤＳＦＩＤ和３２个块均可读可写，用以存储用户数据。ＶＩＣＣ－Ｔａｇ－ｉｔ采用１３．５６ＭＨｚ的载波频率，工作于“ＲＥＡＤＥＲ ＴＡＬＫＳ ＦＩＲＳＴ”模式，即一问一答的模式。卡内有防冲突机制，可以同时读取多张卡而不会造成冲突。特别应当指出：ＶＩＣＣ－Ｔａｇ－ｉｔ内没有逻辑加密电路，无法实现密码功能，也正是这一点限制了ＶＩＣＣ－Ｔａｇ－ｉｔ在其它保密性要求较高领域的应用。<BR><BR><B>３　通信协议</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">发给ＡＳＩＣ的命令序列必须符合ＡＳＩＣ通信协议和ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１５６９３－３规范。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">３．１ 命令结构</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">图３所示是该系统的命令序列时序图。在普通模式下，该系统的命令序列结构如下：</P>
<P>
<TABLE borderColorDark=#ffffff width="100%" borderColorLight=#000000 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="25%">起始位（S1）</TD>
<TD align=middle width="25%">命令字（CMD）</TD>
<TD align=middle width="25%">数据</TD>
<TD align=middle width="25%">结束位（ES1）</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">起始位（Ｓ１）：收发器和微处理器之间的通信开始位，当ＳＣＬＯＣＫ位保持高电平时，将在ＤＩＮ产生一个上升沿（参见图３）。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">命令字节：用于规定ＡＳＩＣ与ＶＩＣＣ通讯时的有关参数。如果该端为３０Ｈ则表示该系统支持的射频协议是ＩＳＯ１５６９３（２５６选１），采用ＦＭ调制方式，调制率１０％，返回数据波特率为６．６７ｋｂ／ｓ。注意：命令字节的发送顺序是高位在先，即：ＭＳＢ ＦＩＲＳＴ。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">数据：数据域内容由１５６９３－３规定这个数据一般发送到ＴＡＧ。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">结束位（ＥＳ１）：收发器和微处理器之间的通信结束位，当ＳＣＬＯＣＫ位保持高电平时，将在ＤＩＮ产生一个下降沿（见图３）。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">通常在寄存器模式下，命令字节是１位，且该位为１。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＩＳＯ１５６９３－３命令的一般格式如下：</P>
<P>
<TABLE borderColorDark=#ffffff width="100%" borderColorLight=#000000 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="16%">起始位（S1）</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">FLAGS</TD>
<TD align=middle width="17%">命令顺号</TD>
<TD align=middle width="17%">命令内容</TD>
<TD align=middle width="17%">CRC16</TD>
<TD align=middle width="17%">结束位（ES1）</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">在ＩＳＯ１５６９３命令序列中，ＦＬＡＧＳ用于规定命令内容中某些可选域的存在。由于Ｓ１和ＥＳ１在ＡＳＩＣ命令序列中已经存在，所以只须把ＩＳＯ１５６９３命令序列中ＦＬＡＧＳ、命令序号、命令内容、ＣＲＣ１６等域的内容取出并填入ＡＳＩＣ序列中的数据域然后打包即可。数据域的发送顺序为低位在先，即：ＬＳＢ ＦＩＲＳＴ。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">３．２ 响应结构</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">图４所示是ＶＩＣＣ的响应时序。ＶＩＣＣ响应的一般格式是：</P>
<P>
<TABLE borderColorDark=#ffffff width="100%" borderColorLight=#000000 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="20%">起始位（S2）</TD>
<TD align=middle width="20%">FLAGS</TD>
<TD align=middle width="20%">响应内容</TD>
<TD align=middle width="20%">CRC16</TD>
<TD align=middle width="20%">结束位（ES2）</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">其中起始位Ｓ２用于表示ＶＩＣＣ响应数据的开始，其定义是当ＳＣＬＯＣＫ为高电平时，ＤＯＵＴ产生一个上升沿（参见图４）。而结束位ＥＳ２则表示ＶＩＣＣ响应数据的结束。它被定义为当ＳＣＬＯＣＫ为高电平时，ＤＯＵＴ产生一个下降沿（如图４）。<B><BR><IMG height=187 hspace=10 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/2006922340360.gif" width=549 vspace=10 border=0><BR>４　结束语</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">考虑到命令字节（８位）发送的顺序是ＭＳＢ ＦＩＲＳＴ，其它数据均是ＬＳＢ ＦＩＲＳＴ；而且“Ｓ１ ０１１１１０１１ ０００００００１ １１０００ＥＳ１”是时间寄存器的初始化序列；同时，在命令发送过程中，双向时钟ＳＣＬＯＣＫ线由ＭＣＵ控制，因此，在接收ＶＩＣＣ响应之前必须进行时钟线的切换，以将控制权交由ＡＳＩＣ控制。对于ＦＩＦＯ管理，发送每一位时都要检测ＤＯＵＴ的电平，ＤＯＵＴ为高时停止发送，直到ＤＯＵＴ恢复到低电平为止。发送命令字节后，应适当延时，以利于ＡＳＩＣ正确动作，同时应考虑电路的抗干扰能力。对于ＩＳＯ１５６９３－３规定的ＦＬＡＧＳ、命令序列号、命令内容等字节，还应进行ＣＲＣ１６校验。关于反碰撞问题，可采用“二进制搜索”算法并选用曼彻斯特编码。为实现这种算法，需要一组命令并由应答器处理，同时应答器要拥有唯一的序列号（ＵＩＤ），例如磁场中有两张卡，其ＵＩＤ分别是：“Ｅ００７０００００２３４Ｄ１Ｅ１”和“Ｅ００７０００００２３４Ｄ２Ｄ８”，那么，用命令来查询当前磁场范围内卡的卡号，就能很好的解决碰撞问题。</P></SPAN>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[GPS模块在便携式导航系统中的应用]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/200882715549.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-27 15:05:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><STRONG>摘要：</STRONG>GPS是全球定位系统的简称,目的是在全球范围内对地面或空中目标进行准确定位和监测。文章讨论了GPS模块TU-30的工作原理，介绍了其在便携式导航系统中的应用，给出了这种GPS模块与单片机的接口电路。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0px"><B>１ ＧＰＳ系统简介</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＧＰＳ是Ｇｌｏｂａｌ Ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ 的缩写，即全球定位系统。其目的是在全球范围内对地面和空中目标进行准确定位和监测。随着全球性空间定位信息应用的日益广泛，ＧＰＳ提供的全时域、全天候、高精度定位服务将给空间技术、地球物理、大地测绘、遥感技术、交通调度、军事作战以及人们的日常生活带来巨大的变化和深远的影响。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">目前的民用ＧＰＳ设备包括测量型和导航型。其中测量型产品的精度可达到米级甚至毫米级，但至少需要两台（套）才能达到设计精度要求，而且其内部结构复杂，单机成本一般在几万到几十万，适合专业高精度测量环境使用；导航型产品，由于其使用者对精度要求不高，一般为几十米，因此机器内部硬件相对简单，只须一台就可以完成导航工作，加之其价格相对较低，因而更有普及和推广价值。<IMG height=291 hspace=1 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223434734.gif" width=414 align=right vspace=1 border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＧＰＳ系统一般由地面控制站、导航卫星和用户接收机三大部分组成。导航卫星至少２４颗，均匀分布在６个极地轨道上，轨道的夹角为６０度，距地平均高度为２０２００公里，每１２恒星时绕地球一周。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＧＰＳ信号接收机的任务主要是捕获一定卫星高度截止角所选择的待测卫星的信号，并跟踪这些卫星的运行，同时对所接收到的ＧＰＳ信号进行变换、放大和处理，以便测量出ＧＰＳ信号从卫星到接收机天线的传播时间，解译出ＧＰＳ卫星所发送的导航电文，最终实时计算出现测站的三维位置、位置、甚至三维速度和时间。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">静态定位时，ＧＰＳ接收机在捕获和跟踪ＧＰＳ卫星的过程中固定不变，接收机通过高精度测量ＧＰＳ信号的传播时间，并利用ＧＰＳ卫星在轨的已知位置解算出接收机天线所在位置的三维坐标。而动态定位则是用ＧＰＳ接收机测定一个运动物体的运行轨迹。ＧＰＳ信号接收机所在的运动物体叫做载体（如航行中的船舰，空中的飞机，行走的车辆等）。由于载体上的ＧＰＳ接收机天线在跟踪ＧＰＳ卫星的过程中将相对地球而运动，这样，接收机用ＧＰＳ信号就可实时地测量运动载体的状态参数（瞬间三维位置和三维速度）。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">接收机硬件、机内软件以及ＧＰＳ数据的后处理软件包构成了完整的ＧＰＳ用户设备。ＧＰＳ接收机的结构分为天线单元和接收单元两大部分。对于测地型接收机来说，两个单元一般分成两个独立的部件，观测时将天线单元安置在测站上，接收单元则置于测站附近的适当地方，并用电缆线将两者连接成一个整机。实际上，也可以将天线单元和接收单元制作成一个整体，而在观测时将其安置在测站点上。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＧＰＳ接收机一般用蓄电池做电源，同时采用机内机外两种直流电源。设置机内电池的目的在于更换外电池时不中断连续观测。在用机外电池的过程中，机内电池自动充电。关机后，机内电池为ＲＡＭ存储器供电，以防丢失数据。<BR><BR><B>２　ＴＵ－３０ ＧＰＳ模块简介</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＴＵ－３０模块是美国罗克韦尔公司的ＧＰＳ产品，其特点是体积小、接口简单、可靠性好。模块的组织结构是一个用于接收ＧＰＳ信号的单片机小系统。ＧＰＳ信号接收部分由Ｒｏｃｋｗｅｌｌ自行设计开发的芯片及其外围电路组成。其控制内核是一个ＤＳＰ处理器，该处理器具有很强的数据运算处理能力，并有两个串口和时钟输出；外围电路有实时时钟，并带有Ｅ２ＰＲＯＭ（保存重要参数）、ＳＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭ等存储器，可对相关重要信息数据进行存储、交换；此外，还留有ＤＧＰＳ接口。该模块的卫星采集启动方式分为４种模式：热启动方式、初始启动方式、冷启动方式、冻结启动方式；而导航模式则有３维模式、２维模式和ＤＧ-ＰＳ模式３种。图１所示是该模块的硬件结构。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＴＵ－３０ ＧＰＳ模块留有天线接口，可以用同轴电缆与天线进行连接，天线可延长３０米。此外，它还留有２０Ｐｉｎ应用接口，可方便地与单片机、ＰＣ机等设备进行接口。<BR><BR><B>表1 TU-30 GPS的模块中的20针接口定义</B></P>
<P>
<TABLE borderColorDark=#ffffff width="100%" borderColorLight=#000000 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">接&nbsp; 口</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">功&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 能</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin1</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">前置放大电源输入</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin2</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">5V电源输入</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin3</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">电池电源输入</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin5</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">主复位输入</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin7</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">NMEA协议选择</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin8</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">ROM默认选择</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin11</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">串口1数据输出</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin12</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">串口1数据输入</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin14</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">串口2数据输出</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin15</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">串口2数据输入</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin19</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">1PPS时间标志输出</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin20</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">10kHz时钟输出</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin4,6,9,17</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">无连接NC</TD></TR>
<TR class=main>
<TD align=middle width="44%">Pin10,13,16,18</TD>
<TD align=middle width="56%">接地</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0px"><B>３　ＧＰＳ模块的串行数据接口规范</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＧＰＳ模块的应用关键在于串口通信协议的制定，也就是模块的相关输入输出协议格式。它主要包括数据类型与信息格式，其中数据类型主要有二进制信息和ＮＭＥＡ全国海洋电子学会数据信息。这两类信息可以通过串口与ＧＰＳ接收机进行通信。这里重点介绍ＴＵ－３０的二进制信息字格式与字结构。ＴＵ－３０的传输速率为９６００ｂｐｓ，无奇偶校验，有８位数据位，１位停止位。其二进制信息字格式包括信息头、头校验、数据、数据校验等。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＴＵ－３０中的每个信息都有头，但不一定有数据，信息的应答和请求以头的形式完成。二进制信息头通常由如下五个字组成：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ１：１０００ ０００１ １１１１ １１１１；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ２：信息ＩＤ；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ３：数据子计数；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ４：应答／无应答；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ５：头校验。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">头校验计算公式为：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px"><IMG height=84 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223434580.gif" width=350 border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">一般情况下，二进制信息数据由如下４个字组成：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ６：触发；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ７：间隔；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ８：偏移量；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">Ｗｏｒｄ９：数据校验。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">头校验计算公式为：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px"><IMG height=86 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223434621.gif" width=342 border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＴＵ－３０中的每个字均为１６位，有无符号整型和有符号整形之分。按字长又可分为单精度（１６ｂｉｔ）、双精度（３２ｂｉｔ）和三精度（４８ｂｉｔ）。保留位输入时为０，独立定义位域标志位时可为０或１。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＴＵ－３０中的输出信息如下：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">信息位置状态输出（经度、纬度、时间、高度等）；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">信息ＩＤ为１０００，信息长度为５５个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＥＣＥＦ 状态输出：信息ＩＤ为１００１，信息长度为５４个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">通道摘要信息ＩＤ为１００２，信息长度为５１个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">通道测量信息ＩＤ为１００７，信息长度为１５４个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">…</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">用户设置输出：信息ＩＤ为１０１２，信息长度为２２个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">内建测试结果：信息ＩＤ为１１００，信息长度为２０个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">测量时间标记：信息ＩＤ为１１０２，信息长度为２５３个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">串口通信参数：信息ＩＤ为１１３０，信息长度为２１个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＥＥＰＲＯＭ 状态： 信息ＩＤ为１１３６，信息长度为１８个字。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">下面是ＴＵ－３０的输入信息描述：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">测量位置和速度初始化：信息ＩＤ为１２００，信息长度为２７个字。现以此为例来介绍各信息字的具体含义：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">字１～４：信息头；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">５：头校验；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">６：序列号；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">７：初始化控制；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">８～１６：ＧＰＳ时间、日期；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">１７～１８：纬度；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">１９～２０：经度；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">２１～２２：高度；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">２３～２４：对地速度；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">２５：卫星轨道仰角；<IMG height=216 hspace=1 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223434360.gif" width=341 align=right vspace=1 border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">２６：爬升率；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">２７：数据校验。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">下面是ＴＵ－３０的其它信息，其具体内容可参见相关文档。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">用户数据定义：信息ＩＤ为１２１０，信息长度为２０个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">地图选择信息数据：信息ＩＤ为１２１１，信息长度为８个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">卫星仰角屏蔽控制（０～±<FONT face="Arial CYR">л</FONT>／２）：信息ＩＤ为１２１２，信息长度为８个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">卫星选择 ： 信息ＩＤ为１２１３，信息长度为１０个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">差动ＧＰＳ控制：信息ＩＤ为１２１４，信息长度为９个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">冷起动控制：信息ＩＤ为１２１６，信息长度为９个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">定位方法校验标准：信息ＩＤ为１２１７，信息长度为１３个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">无线类型选择（主动／被动）：信息ＩＤ为１２１８，信息长度为８个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">用户登录高度输入：信息ＩＤ为１２１９，信息长度为１２个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">应用平台控制（默认、静态、海洋、陆路、空中）：信息ＩＤ为１２２０，信息长度为８个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">串口通信参数信息：信息ＩＤ为１２２１，信息长度为１５个字；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">导航配置信息：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">信息协议控制：…</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">以上相关信息通常都保存到模块的ＥＥＰＲＯＭ中。<BR><BR><B>４　与单片机构建的便携式导航系统</B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">４．１ 硬件结构</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">设计时，通常将ＴＵ－３０模块的串口１与单片机的串口相连接，模块与天线的连接可以加一级前置放大器。天线可选用东芝天线，也可以专门定制。可选用ＬＣＤ屏显示经纬度、时间、高度等数据。电源采用４节碱性电池，易于更换。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＭＣＵ可选用德州仪器的ＭＳＰ４３０ ｆｌａｓｈ（Ｆ１３Ｘ）系列。ＭＳＰ４３０系列为１６位单片机，处理速度快，功耗低，体积小，适合在便携式仪器上使用。同时，ＭＳＰ４３０单片机支持Ｃ语言，易于编程。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">屏幕菜单采用字符型西文显示，可缩短开发时间、降低成本，很适合于民用；也可以选用大屏幕彩色点阵液晶，它界面友好、美观，但软件工作量大，硬件成本高。键盘可选择３个触摸键，菜单功能全部可用软件实现。因为ＭＳＰ４３０单片机的电源为３．３Ｖ而ＴＵ－３０的电源为５Ｖ，所以需要用ＤＣ－ＤＣ电源转换模块进行处理。如果采用充电电池则还需要充电电路。ＧＰＳ模块与单片机的接口原理如图２所示。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">４．２ 软件设计</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">图３所示是ＴＵ－３０ ＧＰＳ模块的软件流程图。<IMG height=380 hspace=1 src="http://www.avrw.com/article/pic/20069223434371.gif" width=295 align=right vspace=1 border=0>该软件的编写主要是设置ＧＰＳ模块与ＭＣＵ之间的串口通信、参数显示及人机接口。主要包括初始化、串口通信、数据处理、故障提示、显示、键盘处理、电源管理等部分。其中初始化包括ＭＳＰ４３０中各种寄存器的配置、串口相关参数配置（波特率，模式）及外围电路（ＬＣＤ、电源等设备检测）的初始化等；</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">串口通信包括数据发送、接收、校验，通信故障提示等；数据处理主要是对接收数据的解码、存储和数据刷新等； 故障提示包括设备故障、通信故障、电源故障等。电源管理主要是电源欠压提示和当前电源状态显示。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">另外，设计时还应注意ＧＰＳ模块的天线要求，具体有以下两点：</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">（１）天线增益应为３０ｄＢ，阻抗应为５０Ω。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">（２）无线频率信号环境方面要求，即ＲＦ输入Ｌ１的载波频率应为１０ＭＨｚ，带宽中心点应为０ｄＢＷ。５　结束语</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">ＧＰＳ导航设备的应用着重于多卫星系统、远距离监控以及多功能显示等方面。使用多卫星系统（如ＧＮＳＳ综合导航定位系统）进行导航定位时，卫星较多可保证实时定位的精度与可靠性。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 30px">此外，ＧＰＳ定位还受ＧＰＳ网的限制，应用ＧＰＳ卫星定位技术建立的控制网叫ＧＰＳ网。归纳起来大致可分为两大类：一类是全球或全国性的高精度ＧＰＳ网，这类ＧＰＳ网中相邻点的距离在数千公里至上万公里， 其主要任务是作为全球高精度坐标框架或全国高精度坐标框架，以为全球性地球动力学和空间科学方面的科学研究工作服务。另一类是区域性的 ＧＰＳ网，包括城市或矿区ＧＰＳ网，ＧＰＳ工程网等，这类网中的相邻点间的距离为几公里至几十公里，其主要任务是直接为国民经济建设服务。</P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[W25X80]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/460/archives/2008/2008826102857.html</link>
<author>dddmmmsss</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-26 10:28:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<H1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">本公司是Winbond、ISOCOM、Silicon&nbsp;IMAGE授权一级代理商，特价：&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;Winbond&nbsp;SPI&nbsp;Flash系列&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR><BR>W25X80&nbsp;W25X16串行FLASH广泛应用于1.1寸、1.5寸数码相框<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;型号&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;容量&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;电压&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工作温度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;频率&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;封装<BR>W25X10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X20&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X80&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8<BR>W25X32&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8<BR>=================================================<BR>深圳市威凯特科技有限公司<BR>联系人：邓先生<BR>电话：0755-61392396-812&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;传真：0755-61392390<BR>手机：13923747916&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q&nbsp;Q：41533184&nbsp; </SPAN></H1>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">公司网站：http://www.victor-ic.cn<BR>地址：深圳市福田区振中路鼎诚国际大厦2508室<BR>===============================</SPAN></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[W25X16]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/460/archives/2008/2008826102621.html</link>
<author>dddmmmsss</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-26 10:26:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<H1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">本公司是Winbond、ISOCOM、Silicon&nbsp;IMAGE授权一级代理商，特价：&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;Winbond&nbsp;SPI&nbsp;Flash系列&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR><BR>W25X80&nbsp;W25X16串行FLASH广泛应用于1.1寸、1.5寸数码相框<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;型号&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;容量&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;电压&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工作温度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;频率&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;封装<BR>W25X10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X20&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X80&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8&nbsp;<BR>W25X16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8<BR>W25X32&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32M-bit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7-3.6V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-40～+85℃&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SOIC8<BR>=================================================<BR>深圳市威凯特科技有限公司<BR>联系人：邓先生<BR>电话：0755-61392396-812&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;传真：0755-61392390<BR>手机：13923747916&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q&nbsp;Q：41533184</SPAN></H1>
<H1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">公司网站：http://www.victor-ic.cn<BR>地址：深圳市福田区振中路鼎诚国际大厦2508室<BR>===============================</SPAN></H1>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[W79E8213-华邦电子新推出8位控制器]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/460/archives/2008/200882610233.html</link>
<author>dddmmmsss</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-26 10:23:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<TABLE class=seyle4 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>
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<TD><SPAN class=oblog_text><SPAN id=RadEditorPlaceHolderControl1 style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">华邦电子自从推出低管脚 LPC 整合型单片机深获市场好评后，再次推出新款 8- 位控制器 W79E8213 。 W79E8213 采用 4 个时脉执行一条指令周期的华邦 8051 核心为基础，内建 4K 闪存，具备高度整合外围功能 ( 如 10- 位 ADC 、 Buzzer 、 PWM 、内部复位等 ) ，并整合了众多关键特性，包括有 : 执行速度快、高抗干扰、稳定等等，适合在要求高性能和小封装(低脚位,Low Pin Count)的通用嵌入式应用。 
<P>该产品设计方案对于要求封装体积小，足够 I/O 及记忆容量之应用，提供一个典型的解决方案，此系列产品可适用一般小家电、工业上，如吸尘器、电源控制、马达控制等等。 </P>
<P>W79E8213 系列提供烧入器及支持档，是一套完整的组合系统，帮助设计者在短时间内开发完成产品且快速切入市场，抢得先机。可利用其 ICP(In Circuit Program) 功能，透过烧入器直接在系统在线更新程序，增加产品的灵活度以及扩充性。 </P>
<P>客户的需求是我们持续成长的动力。华邦电子不断地扩展小封装(低脚位,Low Pin Count) MCU 产品线，并提供多种价格及性能匹配选项，以便在今日竞争激烈的消费性电子及工业控制等市场中，设计出价格诱人的嵌入式应用。 </P>
<P>目前华邦小封装(低脚位,Low Pin Count)全系列产品已可提供客户样品索取及生产下单。 </P>
<TABLE class=table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">&nbsp;</SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Flash </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">RAM </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Data memory </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">I/O </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Timer </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Serial I/O </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">PWM </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">ADC </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Operating Freq. </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Operating Temp. </SPAN></TH>
<TH><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">Package </SPAN></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><STRONG><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E8213</SPAN></STRONG></A></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">128B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">128B- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">8*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E834</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">8K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">512B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">23 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">3*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; SPI </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">8*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">SOP-28.LQFP48 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E833</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">23 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">3*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; SPI </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">SOP-28 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E832</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">23 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">3*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; SPI </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">SOP-28 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E825</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">16K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E824</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">8K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E823</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">128B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">128B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E822</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">128B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">128B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E804</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">8K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E803</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><STRONG><A href="http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu/ProductAndSales/ProductLines/mCAndmC-basedConsumerIC/Microcontroller/8-bitMCUSeries%2880C51-based%29/default.htm"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 8pt">W79E802</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"></SPAN></STRONG></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2K </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">256B </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">15 </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">2*16bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">UART &amp; I2C </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4*10bit </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">- </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">4~20MHz </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">-40~85 ℃ </SPAN></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">DIP/SOP-20 </SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">样品申请与技术支持请联系：邓先生</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">手机：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">13923747916&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">电话：</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">0755-61392396-812&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">E-MAIL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">：</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><A href="mailto:dddmmmsss@126.com"><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000">dddmmmsss@126.com</SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000"><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">深圳市威凯特科技有限公司</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">深圳公司地址：深圳市福田区中航路鼎诚国际大厦</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2508 <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">网址</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">:&nbsp;&nbsp; <A href="http://www.victor-ic.cn/" target=_blank></A><A href="http://www.victor-ic.cn/" target=_blank><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; text-underline: none">http://www.victor-ic.cn</SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[华邦推出w79e2051/w79e4051 单片机（4T，dataflash）]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/460/archives/2008/2008826101839.html</link>
<author>dddmmmsss</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-26 10:18:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 98%; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt" cellPadding=0 width="98%" border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 22.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; HEIGHT: 22.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">华邦推出</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">w79e2051/w79e4051&nbsp;</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">单片机（</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4T</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">dataflash</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; winbond</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（华邦电子）推出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">w79e2051/w79e4051 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">单片机（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4T</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">dataflash,pwm,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">工业规格）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;W79E4051/2051</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">系列是一个快速</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微控制器，它有可以在系统编程的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(ICP)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">应用程序</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Flash EPROM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，可以使用烧写器在系统中编程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">W79E4051/2051</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">系列的指令系统完全与标准的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8052</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指令系统兼容。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4K/2K</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Flash EPROM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">128</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">NVM </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Flash EPROM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">256</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">RAM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位双向可位寻址的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">I/O</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">端口；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">16-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位定时器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">计数器；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个增强型全双工串口。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">PWM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">；欠压检测</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">复位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">. 1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个模拟比较器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">支持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个中断源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">级中断；容易编程和校验</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">, W79E4051/2051</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">系列内部的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">FLASH EPROM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序内存支持电编程读取。一旦程序确定后，用户可以对代码进行保护。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">特性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">全静态</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">CMOS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">加速</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微控制器，时钟频率可达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">24MHZ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;VDD: 2.4~5.5V </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 12MHz, 4.5~5.5V </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">24MHz <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可以通过软件选择时钟源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">: <BR>- </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">外部晶振</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">: </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">最高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 24MHz </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">晶振和时钟信号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">通过配置位使能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">). <BR>- </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">片内振荡器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">: 20/10MHz&nbsp;&nbsp;2% (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">通过配置位选择</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">), </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">恒温恒压</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指令与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">MCS-51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">兼容</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;4K/2K</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节可以在系统编程的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(ICP)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">应用程序</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> Flash EPROM (AP Flash EPROM). <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 256</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节片内</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">RAM <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;W79E4051/2051 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">系列具有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 128 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> NVM </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> EPROM </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">方便用户存储数据，擦写可达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10K</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">次</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">. <BR>8 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">页</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">. 16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字节为一页</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">. <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位端口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(Port1), 1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位端口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> (Port3) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位端口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(P2.0 P2.1 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">复用为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> XT1 &amp; XT2 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">引脚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">所有的端口引脚都有直接</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LED</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> (20mA) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，所有引脚至多</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 80mA. <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">16-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位定时器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">计数器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">支持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个中断源，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">级中断优先</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个全双工串口，并具有帧错误检测和地址自动识别功能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">PWM <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">路模拟比较器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">内置电源管理模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>- </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">电源复位标志位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>- </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">欠压检测</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">复位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;8KV ESD, </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">闩锁电流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">200mA, </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">优秀的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">EMI &amp; EFT </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">工作温度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">: -40~<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="85" UnitName="℃" w:st="on">85<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Part No.&nbsp;&nbsp; EPROM Flash Size&nbsp;&nbsp; RAM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NVM Flash EPROM&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">比较器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PWM<BR>W79E2051AKG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2KB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256B&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 128B &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1CH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1x10Bit <BR>W79E2051ASG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2KB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256B&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 128B &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1CH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1x10Bit <BR>W79E4051AKG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4KB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256B&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 128B &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1CH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1x10Bit <BR>W79E4051ASG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4KB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256B&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 128B &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1CH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1x10Bit <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">样品申请与技术支持请联系：邓先生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">手机：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">13923747916&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">电话：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">86-0755-6139 2396-812&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">E-MAIL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">dddmmmsss@126.com <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">深圳市威凯特科技有限公司</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">深圳公司地址：深圳市福田区中航路鼎诚国际大厦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2508 <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网址</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">:&nbsp;&nbsp; <A href="http://www.victor-ic.cn/" target=_blank></A><A href="http://www.victor-ic.cn/" target=_blank><SPAN style="http://www.cediy.com/blog/COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; text-underline: none">http://www.victor-ic.cn</SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[MCS-51系列和80C51系列单片机是否相同]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/2008822142114.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-22 14:21:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;MCS是Intel公司单片机的系列符号。Intel推出有MCS-48、MCS-51、MCS-96系列单片机。<BR>MCS-51系列单既包括三个基本型80C31、8051、8751，以及对应的低功耗型号80C31、8051、87C51，因而MCS-51特指Intel的这几种型号。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在计算机领域，系列机是指同一厂家生产的具有相同系统结构的机器。20世纪80年代中期以后，Intel以专利转让的形式把8051内核给了许多半导体厂家，如AMTEL、PHILIPS、ANANOG&nbsp;DEVICES、DALLAS等。这些厂家生产的芯片是MCS-51系列的兼容产品，准确地说是与MCS-51指令系统兼容的单片机。这些单片机与8051的系统结构（只要是指令系统）相同，采用CMOS工艺，因而常用80C51系列来称呼所有具有8051指令系统的<A href="http://www.studydz.com">单片机</A>。他们对8051一般都作了一些扩充，更有特点、功能更强、市场竞争力更强，不应该把他们成为MCS-51系列单片机。MCS只是Intel公司专用的]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[SST89C54/58简介]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/2008822142033.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-22 14:20:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[一．&nbsp;SST89C54/58性能简介<BR>二．&nbsp;SST89C54/58功能图<BR>兼容于INTEL公司的P87C54/58，扩展了IAP及4K&nbsp;E2PROM。<BR><BR>三．&nbsp;SST89C54/58程序空间<BR>在动态修改Block0程序的问题上，应当确保将要加载的程序正确无误，至少做到进入Block1块入口程序的正确性，否则就只有借助编程器来烧录自举程序了。但这样就失去IAP的意义，不可不察。<BR>在本公司的LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT开发系统上，需要完全更新Block0块的内容，让用户真实拥有P87C54/58的全部功能。这样，当用户在开发USB时，就不需要用定位器或者汇编语言来混合编程。只需象平时那样操作自己熟悉的C51开发环境。<BR>LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT开发系统使用UART来传送Firmware，其默认Buadrate为9600bps。除了确保自举程序入口正常以外，串口的Buadrate在当次也要相符。改动Buadrate只有在装载成功以后才有效。<BR>一般来说，在完全掌握IAP及232口以前，而身边又缺乏编程器的情况下，应谨慎对待与之相关的程序语句。在本公司的LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT开发系统上，还预备有最后一种自举能力：硬件自举！&nbsp;<BR><BR>四．&nbsp;IAP编程模式<BR><BR>SST89C54/58除了提供IAP编程模式以外，也可以借助外力（如编程器）强行将程序灌入，就象写Flash&nbsp;ROM一样。其实自举程序就唯有通过这种方式载入。称之为“外主编程模式”。<BR>外主编程模式对于大多数程序员而言意义不大，有兴趣的话参阅SST89C54/58的&nbsp;Datesheet，下面介绍IAP模式。<BR>IAP模式就是CPU一边在某个Block&nbsp;中运行，同时对另一个Block进行擦空，写入，校验等操作。注意，同一个Block内不允许Program。被Program的Block整个儿处于“忙”状态，其代码不可见。<BR>IAP命令见下表：（略）<BR>与此相关的特殊功能寄存器定义如下：<BR>1．SFST<BR>其中，SECDx为加密表，不同的加密级别将决定被加密单位对外的透明度，具体见下表：<BR>2．SFCF<BR>3．SFCM<BR>4．SFDT<BR>5．SFAL<BR>6．SFAH<BR><BR>IAP程序设计：<BR>对照上述介绍，很容易编写出IAP烧录函数，下面给出几个事例：<BR>1．&nbsp;块擦除：<BR>void&nbsp;block_erase&nbsp;(unsigned&nbsp;char&nbsp;block)<BR>{<BR>unsigned&nbsp;int&nbsp;timeout&nbsp;=&nbsp;0xA555;<BR>SFCF&nbsp;=&nbsp;0xC0;&nbsp;<BR>SFAH&nbsp;=&nbsp;block;&nbsp;<BR>SFDT&nbsp;=&nbsp;0x55;<BR>SFCM&nbsp;=&nbsp;0x0D;<BR><BR>while&nbsp;(--timeout){<BR>if&nbsp;(Busy&nbsp;=&nbsp;=&nbsp;0)<BR>return;<BR>}<BR>}<BR>2．&nbsp;字节编程：<BR>void&nbsp;byte_program&nbsp;(unsigned&nbsp;char&nbsp;laddr,unsigned&nbsp;char&nbsp;haddr,unsigned&nbsp;char&nbsp;udata)<BR>{<BR>unsigned&nbsp;char&nbsp;timeout&nbsp;=&nbsp;0xFF;<BR>SFCF&nbsp;=&nbsp;0xC0;<BR>SFAH&nbsp;=&nbsp;haddr;&nbsp;<BR>SFAL&nbsp;=&nbsp;laddr;<BR>SFDT&nbsp;=&nbsp;udata;<BR>SFCM&nbsp;=&nbsp;0x0E;<BR><BR>while&nbsp;(--timeout){<BR>if&nbsp;(&nbsp;Busy&nbsp;=&nbsp;=&nbsp;0)<BR>return;<BR>}<BR>}<BR>对于只需要Download&nbsp;Firmware来说，上述两个函数已经够用。完整的IAP汇编子程序请参阅：http://www.ssti.com/<BR>采用C语言编写IAP函数需要一定的技巧，它关系到定位并访问绝对地址等问题，而且这些函数只是应用系统中的一小部分，虽然嵌汇编或者纯汇编更便于处理绝对地址，但却不利于整个大系统，有点丢西瓜的味道。<BR>LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT开发系统的自举程序使用纯C语言编写，而且也适用于低价位的SST89F54/58（和Philips的价位比大概二比一吧）。<BR>如何拿IAP来当I2C使用，以便节省24LCxx或93Cxx呢。Sector的概念在这里尤为重要，因为改动数据不能影响程序，故而要求在小范围内操作。下面是关于Sector的函数：<BR>void&nbsp;sector_erase&nbsp;(unsigned&nbsp;int&nbsp;sector)<BR>{<BR>unsigned&nbsp;int&nbsp;timeout&nbsp;=&nbsp;0xA555;<BR>SFCF&nbsp;=&nbsp;0xC0;&nbsp;<BR>SFAH&nbsp;=&nbsp;sector&nbsp;/256;&nbsp;<BR>SFAL&nbsp;=&nbsp;sector;&nbsp;<BR>SFCM&nbsp;=&nbsp;0x0B;<BR><BR>while&nbsp;(--timeout){<BR>if&nbsp;(Busy&nbsp;==&nbsp;0)<BR>return;<BR>}<BR>}<BR>如果仅仅要修改某一两个Byte，可将该Sector内的数据全部保存于RAM中，改好后再全部回送Sector。<BR>一般来说，数据Sector应设置在Block1的高端，这样才不会和CODE竞争。<BR><BR>五．&nbsp;SST89C54/58发展系统<BR><BR>前面说过，SST89C54/58兼容于INTEL的P87C54/58，故而其编译环境毋须作大的改动，如果不打算使用IAP功能，干脆一点也不改。<BR>扩展IAP功能，对于汇编语言来说，只是在源文件开头用EQU或DATA伪指令定义那六个新增加的SFR地址即可。而C语言也同样在头文件中增加定义的SFR地址。本公司网站(www.usb11.com)上有SST89C58.h供Download。可将其直接替代&lt;&lt;reg51.h&gt;&gt;。<BR>因为是IAP，仿真器不太重要，其实目前也没有专门针对SST89C54/58的仿真器。即便有也没市场，IAP应用最多的地方也就是当仿真器！<BR><BR>六．&nbsp;IAP应用场合<BR><BR>第一，IAP很方便，在网络高速发展的今天，具备远程升级软件的产品无疑将受到欢迎。<BR>第二，在编译代码的时候，对于稍稍多出来的一些程序代码，可将其定位到Block1，从而避免购买更高容量的IC。<BR>第三，在需要保存过程数据的系统，可将原先的外部存储器去掉，直接拿Block1当成外部E2PROM。此时，Block1等同于24LC32，而且操作速度要比24LC32快几十上百倍。<BR>第四，IAP在线软件更新，没有死角，包括自举程序本身也可以重来，且毋须借助任何外力。仿真器的一大特点不就是编译装载吗！没错，很多地方就拿它来当仿真器使用。<BR>若要观察程序变量，IAP的解决办法是通过UART输出调试信息。LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT就是采用这一调试技术。一点也不逊色于仿真器，特别在USB枚举的过程中，仿真器特有的单步，中断功能不可用，此时唯有UART可以信赖。详情请见《USB枚举步骤》。<BR>IAP当仿真器的另一买点就是价廉物美，区区几十元RMB的材料钱就可搞定。特别适合于单片机初学者。<BR>传统的仿真器在电气性能方面，还无法做到和应用系统完全一致，这就是常见的“仿真通过，烧片不行”的毛病。IAP虽说是仿真，其实就是实际应用，不存在电气性能或者物理接口方面的问题。<BR>第五，产品小型化。一般地说，SMD只适合于大批量的生产厂家，因为SMD测试工具也是一笔不小的投资。如果商家在出售SST89C54/58以前，预先导入自举程序，则用户拿了SMD之后，可以先装配，再烧录，管它大封装，小封装还是微封装呢！<BR>关于LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT自举程序的入口及入口参数设置，在本文附录中给出。<BR><BR>附录<BR>LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT自举程序入口参数<BR><BR>下列参数要求通过UART输入：<BR>1.&nbsp;“h”：<FONT color=#0000ff>选择</FONT>Download&nbsp;INTEL格式文件*。hex；<BR>2.&nbsp;“b”：选择Download&nbsp;诚通格式文件*。Rom，它和*。Hex区别是将ASIC码转换成bin数据，并去掉“0D，0A”等控制信息。数据量压缩一倍，节省时间；<BR>3.&nbsp;输入第一次“h”或者“b”之后，自举程序将返回一个确认符0x20（空格），如果再次肯定要改写Firmware，第二次输入“h”或者“b”才启动擦除和写入。否则不改变原来的Firmware；<BR>4.&nbsp;输入其它代码，则系统提示错误后复位系统；<BR>5.&nbsp;自举程序入口地址：0xF8DD，不带任何参数，只需置好Buadrate;<BR>下面给出入口事例函数，可将其嵌入任何用户系统,实际上,&nbsp;LOG2001&nbsp;USB&nbsp;DEMO&nbsp;KIT开发系统就是使用如下语句：<BR>if&nbsp;(RI)<BR>{<BR>switch&nbsp;(&nbsp;_getkey()&nbsp;)<BR>{<BR>case&nbsp;‘p‘:<BR>((&nbsp;void&nbsp;(code&nbsp;*)(void)&nbsp;)&nbsp;&amp;hard_reload[0]&nbsp;)();<BR>break;<BR>default:break;<BR>}<BR>}&nbsp;//&nbsp;if&nbsp;reload&nbsp;firmware<BR>当然，在进入自举程序以前，还要设置好Buadrate等等一系列参数。自举程序将采用这些设置而不作任何修改。<BR>下面是自举程序：<BR>switch&nbsp;(_getkey())<BR>{<BR>case&nbsp;‘h‘:<BR>sst_send232&nbsp;(‘&nbsp;‘);<BR><BR>if&nbsp;(&nbsp;_getkey()&nbsp;!=&nbsp;‘h‘)<BR>goto&nbsp;nError;<BR><BR>sst_block_erase&nbsp;(0x00);<BR>while&nbsp;(&nbsp;read_write_hex_line&nbsp;(0x00)&nbsp;);<BR>break;<BR><BR>case&nbsp;‘b‘:<BR>sst_send232&nbsp;(‘&nbsp;‘);<BR><BR>if&nbsp;(&nbsp;_getkey()&nbsp;!=&nbsp;‘b‘)<BR>goto&nbsp;nError;<BR><BR>sst_block_erase&nbsp;(0x00);<BR>while&nbsp;(&nbsp;read_write_bin_line&nbsp;(0x00)&nbsp;);<BR>break;<BR><BR>nError:&nbsp;default&nbsp;:<BR>printf&nbsp;("\nError!\n");<BR>printf&nbsp;("\n‘h‘:for&nbsp;(*.hex);\n");<BR>printf&nbsp;("\n‘b‘:for&nbsp;(*.rom);\n");<BR>((&nbsp;void&nbsp;(code&nbsp;*)&nbsp;(void)&nbsp;)&nbsp;&amp;reset_0x0000&nbsp;[0])&nbsp;();<BR>break;<BR>}<BR>Download文件最大可达32K，装载完成之后，采用20秒钟倒记时，自动复位运行刚刚Download的程序，毋须任何机械动作。<BR>由于某种原因而破坏入口函数，则只有通过编程器来恢复。在烧写入口函数的时候，请先限制DEVICER&nbsp;Buffer&nbsp;Size在0x8000之内，以免连锁破坏自举程序。<BR>为了便于调试USB及其装载IAP不会出错，本公司特推出“USB集成化开发环境”，它具有如下功能：<BR>1.&nbsp;USB功能调试，详情请参阅《USB集成化开发环境》；<BR>2.&nbsp;串口精灵，可任意设置串口参数，收发单个数据或者文件，接受单片机C语言的人机信息（printf，scanf,&nbsp;_getkey()等等）；<BR>3.&nbsp;IAP程序下载。IAP不须要任何机械动作，可以直接全面而彻底更新firmware，稍微操作不当就会影响到自举程序。《USB集成化开发环境》有多重查验措施，用户只需全神关心自己的源文件就是了；<BR>4.&nbsp;自动叠加硬件自举功能,不管用户如何修改Firmware，即便死机，或者是由于前次IAP时中途停电而造成程序飞跑,仍然可通过该功能下载程序。具体是：P2.0=P2.1à“h”à“&nbsp;h”à*.hex。<BR>5.&nbsp;C51编译（可选），建立好开发环境也是件十分重要工作，尤其是初学者<BR>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[ASM-51 宏汇编使用手册]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/200882214202.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-22 14:20:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[A51与ASM51基本相同&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASM-51&nbsp;宏汇编主要用来开发Inter8051系列单片机，它具有宏处理，数据处理，列表处理和条件处理等多种功能。源程序的编写完全采用&nbsp;Inter标准助记符和行格式。在编写程序过程中，可借助于文本编辑（Windows的记事本）或文字处理软件Word等编辑，&nbsp;经ASM-51汇编后生成列表输出文件(.LST)和目标代码文件(.HEX)。&nbsp;此目标代码文件(.HEX)可直接用CZS-51或MedWin、Keil、Debug8051进行模拟/调试，或直接用于硬件仿真器上运行。当然，这也是要烧写到单片机ROM中的代码。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、&nbsp;宏汇编语言的基本语法&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、1&nbsp;&nbsp;宏汇编的特点&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASM-51宏汇编完全支持Inter助记符的汇编语言，它含有宏语句，英文大小写字母，变量名，标号等不受限制，有二，十，十六进制和串参数类型，有汇编控制指令和多层条件语句，程序逻辑分段，&nbsp;还有模块化程序设计的连接功能，汇编速度快等特点。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、2&nbsp;汇编处理过程&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;用行编辑EDLIN或文字处理软件WS或全屏幕编辑软件PE等，编辑宏汇编&nbsp;<BR><BR>语言源程序，它的文件扩展名为。ASM。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;用ASM-51宏汇编程序对上述源程序文件进行汇编，产生扩展名为.LST的列表输出文件和扩展名为.HEX的目标代码文件(.HEX)。&nbsp;列表输出文件包含源程序语句所汇编成的代码，以及有关的地址，语句和符号表等。&nbsp;目标代码文件包含源程序语句所汇编成的代码，&nbsp;不包含任何符号信息或助记符。&nbsp;进行模拟/调试，或直接用于硬件仿真器上运行。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、3&nbsp;语句&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编语言可分为两类语句:指令性语句和指示性语句。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)指令性语句&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;这一类语句是指在汇编过程中能生成指令代码的语句(如&nbsp;MOV&nbsp;，DEC等)。其格式为:&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[标号:]&nbsp;[指令助记符]&nbsp;[操作数]&nbsp;[;注释]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其中方括号[&nbsp;&nbsp;]中为选择项。下同。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)指示性语句&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;这一类语句即通常所说的伪指令，它指示汇编程序后面的指示性语句如何产生代码。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASM-51宏汇编完全支持Inter助记符的汇编语言，因此汇编程序的格式，指令完全与8051汇编语言一样，这里不再介绍它们的指令系统。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、4&nbsp;常量与数值运算&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;常量及其表示&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;常量，就是在汇编时已经确定的值。&nbsp;在汇编语言中，常量主要用作指令性语句中的直接操作数，也可用于存储器操作的组成部分(如位移量)，或者为伪指令中的变量输初值。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;为便于程序设计，常量有多种表示形式：二、十、十六进制数和字符串等，它们的格式各不相同，并采用不同的基数标记加以区分。表--1列出其格式。&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;表--1&nbsp;<BR><BR>数据形式&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;式&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;取值范围&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;例&nbsp;如&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;备&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;注&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;2进制&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;********B&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0，1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10011100B&nbsp;<BR><BR>10进制&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;******&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0，1，2...9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;45723&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;缺省基数标记&nbsp;<BR><BR>16进制&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;****H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0，1...E，F&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0CDE3H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;最前面一个字符应是0--9&nbsp;<BR><BR>ASCII&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;‘**‘&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASCII&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;‘AD‘&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;只有DB命令中使用&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;常量以数值形式直接写在汇编语言的语句中称为字面常量，&nbsp;若预先为它定义一个符号名，然后在语句中用符号名来表示该常量称符号常量。使用符号常量的优点可改善程序的可读性，它的定义需要使用伪操作命令"EQU"或“=“。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;数值运算&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宏汇编中，所有参数值均被认为是整数，并以16位的形式存放，表示的范围是0---65535，所有算术操作均对整数以补码形式运算。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;基本运算&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编语言对常量允许进行算术运算，逻辑运算，分离运算等三种类型的运算。如表--2所示。&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;表--2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;基本运算&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;运&nbsp;&nbsp;算&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;操&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;含&nbsp;&nbsp;义&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;以ADD为例&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;算&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1+36&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;减操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1-2EH&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;乘操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1*0E3H&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;术&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;除操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1/23&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MOD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;模除&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1&nbsp;MOD&nbsp;12&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;右移&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1&nbsp;SHR&nbsp;3&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;左移&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1&nbsp;SHL&nbsp;2&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;逻&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AND&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;与操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1&nbsp;AND&nbsp;10000101B&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;或操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1&nbsp;OR&nbsp;00110000B&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XOR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;异或操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，R1&nbsp;XOR&nbsp;36H&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;辑&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NOT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;非操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，&nbsp;NOT&nbsp;45H&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HIGH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;高字节分离&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，&nbsp;HIGH&nbsp;05E2H&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;离&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;LOW&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;低字节分离&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ADD&nbsp;&nbsp;A，&nbsp;LOW&nbsp;77F0H&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>说明:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R1为符号常量。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;综合运算&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;综合运算规则&nbsp;1:&nbsp;计算表达式时，所有的运算全部从左到右顺序进行，遇到操作数就进行运算，不考虑优先关系，括号有助于视觉理解，但不改变表达式的?计算顺序。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;例如:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R1&nbsp;SET&nbsp;NOT(0C5FH&nbsp;OR&nbsp;000CH)&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其结果应为&nbsp;0F3ACH。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;综合运算规则&nbsp;2:&nbsp;当两个操作数之间没有参数相隔时，&nbsp;第二个操作符优先于第一个操作符计算。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;例如:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R1&nbsp;SET&nbsp;NOT&nbsp;10011010B&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其结果应为&nbsp;65H。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、5&nbsp;程序分段&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8051系列的处理器的结构，&nbsp;把内存分成五个独立的内存段，&nbsp;即代码段(段名CSEG)，数据段(段名DSEG)，&nbsp;外部段(段名XSEG)，&nbsp;功能段(段名FSEG)和位段(段名BSEG)等。&nbsp;各个段在源程序中的次序可以任意，段的数目可以根据需要确定，原则上不受限制。程序中的所有段都必须用段名开头，段结束语句ENDS结束。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、6&nbsp;源文件&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;源文件是由汇编语言代码和汇编程序指令组成的&nbsp;ASCII&nbsp;字符文件，&nbsp;扩展名为。ASM。源文件的每一语句行，最多有四个域。每一行的长度不超过80个字符，&nbsp;且以“回车“键结束。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、7&nbsp;列表输出文件和目标代码文件&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;目标代码文件(.HEX)&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;目标代码文件(.HEX)是ASCII文件，它只包含由各种程序语句所生成的代码，而不包含任何信息或助记符。&nbsp;该文件是能够在处理器上运行的实际机器指令码。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;目标代码文件格式如下:&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:cc&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aaaa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ss&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;CR&gt;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;计数器&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;数据类型&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;记录地址&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;回车&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;记录地址&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代码的字节&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;和校验&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;目标代码文件(.HEX)的每一行以一个冒号开始，&nbsp;后面跟着的数字和符号分别表示十六进制数据的计数器(cc)，记录第一个数据字节的16位地址(aaaa)，目标记录的数据类型(tt)，代码的实际字节(dd)，计数器从第一个数据字节到最后的所有字节值累加和的相反数即和校验(ss)等等。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)列表输出文件(.LST)&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;列表输出文件也是个ASCII文件，它由源程序和目标代码文件组成，&nbsp;可作为程序文档也可被打印。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;列表输出文件是分页显示，打印的，其长度由缺省值或伪指令$PAGE决定。&nbsp;每页一开始指出汇编程序的类型，版本以及页号等。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、&nbsp;伪操作指令&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编语言中的指示性语句(伪指令)，不象指令性语句会产生目标代码，&nbsp;它主要是用来“控制指挥“汇编程序如何把指令性语句翻译成目标代码。除本身伪指令申请分配一部分存贮空间作数据区和堆栈区外，不产生任何目标代码。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;按照它们的功能，大致分成七类:&nbsp;符号定义伪操作，段定义伪操作，数据定义崐伪操作，列表伪操作，条件伪操作，宏处理伪操作以及其它操作等。如表--３所示。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表--3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;伪操作指令&nbsp;<BR><BR>序号&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;类&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;伪&nbsp;&nbsp;操&nbsp;&nbsp;作&nbsp;&nbsp;指&nbsp;&nbsp;令&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号定义伪操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;EQU，=，DATA，BYTE，WORD，BIT，SET&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;段定义伪操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ORG，END，CSEG，DSEG，XSEG，FSEG，ENDS&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;数据定义伪操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DB，DW，DS&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;列表伪操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$TITLE，$SUBTTL，$PAGE，$LIST，$NOLIST，$NOCODE&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;条件伪操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IF，ELSE，ENDIF&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宏处理伪操作&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MACRO，ENDM&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;它&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ALTNAME，INCLUDE&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、1&nbsp;符号定义伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号定义伪操作及其格式:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名&nbsp;&nbsp;符号定义名&nbsp;&nbsp;常量或表达式&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其中符号定义名可以为EQU，=，DATA，BYTE，WORD，BIT，SET等。下面就是这些符&nbsp;<BR><BR>号定义伪操作的用法及说明。如表--4所示。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表--4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号定义伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>符号定义名&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;法&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;说&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;明&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;EQU&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;为常量，符号名等定义符号化常量名&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名不能重名定义&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;为常量，符号名等定义符号化常量名&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名不能重名定义&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;DATA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用来为一个字节类型的符号定值&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名不能重名定义&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;BYTE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用来为一个字节类型的符号定值&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名不能重名定义&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;WORD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用来为一个字类型的符号定值&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名不能重名定义&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8051中没有字操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;BIT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用来定义一个字位类型&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;SET&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用来定义整数类型的符号名&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;符号名可重名定义&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DATA与BYTE的区别:&nbsp;DATA与BYTE是相类似的伪指令。&nbsp;当程序运行到DATA伪指令定义的符号名时，该符号名将被显示;而由BYTE定义的符号名不被显示。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、2&nbsp;段定义伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;ORG&nbsp;&nbsp;用于设置或改变程序计数器的值。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其格式为：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ORG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;常数或表达式&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;例如：&nbsp;&nbsp;ORG&nbsp;&nbsp;0008H&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ORG&nbsp;&nbsp;$+5&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其中$表示程序计数器的当前值。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;END&nbsp;&nbsp;表示源代码结束。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其格式为：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;END&nbsp;&nbsp;常数或表达式&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编程序遇到END语句即停止运行。&nbsp;若程序中没有END，则在汇编源程序时显出错&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;8051系列的处理器把内存结构分成五个段，代码段CSEG，数据段DSEG，外部段XSEG，功能段FSEG和位段BSEG等，其用法及区别如&nbsp;表--5所示。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在汇编以上各段所定义的符号时，系统根据符号所在不同段，赋与不同类型的字母，如表--6所示。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、3&nbsp;&nbsp;数据定义伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;数据定义伪操作格式:&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;标号:&nbsp;]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;数据定义名&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;表达式１，表达式２，。。。&nbsp;]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其中数据定义名可为DB，DW，DS等。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;如表--7所示，数据定义伪操作的含义及说明。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表--5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;段定义伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;段&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;法&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;及&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;区&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;别&nbsp;<BR><BR>代码段(CSEG)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;包含由处理器所执行的程序。段名可缺省。有目标代码生成。&nbsp;<BR><BR>数据段(DESG)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由内部工作寄存器的处理器的RAM组成。用来对程序使用的数据地址赋符号名，大多以ORG，DATA，BYTE，WORD，EDNS等组成。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;无目标码生成。&nbsp;<BR><BR>外部段(XSEG)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由外部工作寄存区和RAM组成。使用方法同数据段。无目标码生成。&nbsp;<BR><BR>功能段(FSEG)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由特殊寄存器位置组成(如:输入/输出部件，计时器，中断控制和连续的寄存器部件接口等)。无目标代码生成。&nbsp;<BR><BR>位&nbsp;&nbsp;段(BSEG)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由一些独立的位组成，可以用布尔函数实现。&nbsp;该段地址被解释为位地址。无目标代码生成。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表--6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;程序分段的类型符号&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;段&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;标号(Label)&nbsp;字节型操作数(Byte)&nbsp;&nbsp;字型操作数(Word)&nbsp;<BR><BR>代码段CSEG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｌ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｄ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｗ&nbsp;<BR><BR>数据段DSEG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｄ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｄ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｗ&nbsp;<BR><BR>外部段XSEG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｘ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｘ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｅ&nbsp;<BR><BR>功能段FSEG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｆ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｆ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｇ&nbsp;<BR><BR>位&nbsp;&nbsp;段BSEG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｂ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｂ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ｂ&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;说明:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)在不同的段中类型符号不同；&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)字节型操作数(Byte)一般通过DATA指令赋给符号;&nbsp;字型操作数&nbsp;<BR><BR>一般通过WORD指令赋给符号;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)如果各段中用BYTE赋值，则在各段中符号全以S表示;在SIM51模&nbsp;<BR><BR>拟/调试中的符号区显示功能中，对BYTE赋值的将被跳过。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)在各段中，位类型可以用BIT指令赋给。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表--7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;数据定义伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>数据定义名&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;含&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;义&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;说&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;明&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用于定义一个字节包含的值&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表达式不是字符串时，每个表达式赋给一个字节，是字符串时，用单引号&nbsp;“&nbsp;‘&nbsp;“&nbsp;作为分隔符。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DW&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用于定义一个字(16位)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;每个表达式占16位。&nbsp;如果表达式中的存贮内容为字符串，只取最后两个字符。若字符串只有一个字符，高字节置“0“。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;定义一个存贮区&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;通常用在代码段中，作为程序的一部分。若用在数据段，外部段，则作为位置标志使用。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表--8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;列表伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;伪指令&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;含义及格式&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;说&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;明&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$TITLE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;给源程序指定一个标题&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;标题不加&nbsp;“&nbsp;&nbsp;“，其最大长度&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;$TITLE&nbsp;[标题行]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;60个字符。若标题行省略，&nbsp;原来定义的标题行作废。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$SUBTTL&nbsp;&nbsp;给源程序指定一个副标题&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;副标题不加&nbsp;“&nbsp;&nbsp;“，其最大长&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;$SUBTTL&nbsp;[副标题行]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;度60字符。若副标题行省略，原来定义的副标题行作废。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$PAGE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用于形成或定义新的一页或行数&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编时页长为６６行(适合于格式:&nbsp;$PAGE&nbsp;[表达式]&nbsp;标准打印纸)。表达式最大为65535，最小为12，&nbsp;表达式缺省，则从新的一页开始。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$LIST&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;使源程序汇编时，产生程序清单&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编时无此指令照样产生清单。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;$LIST&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$NOLIST&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;使源程序汇编时不产生程序清单&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;$NOLIST&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$NOCODE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;源程序汇编时，条件汇编程序值&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;没有此指令汇编时，不论其值是为假的不产生清单。真、假的条件都不产生目标码。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;$NOCODE&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、4&nbsp;&nbsp;列表伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;如表--8所示，列表伪操作的含义，格式及说明。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、5&nbsp;条件伪操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;条件伪操作格式:&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表达式&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;程序块1&nbsp;]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;ELSE&nbsp;]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;程序块2&nbsp;]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ENDIF&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;当IF指令中的表达式为真时，被汇编的代码段是程序块1;当IF指令中的表达式为假时，被汇编的代码段是程序块2。&nbsp;在一个条件结构中，仅有一个代码段被汇编，其它的则被忽略。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、6&nbsp;宏处理操作&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在源程序中，如果有一段程序需要多次使用，为使程序不重复书写这段程序，可用宏定义把所需要重复出现的程序块定义成宏指令，此后在宏指令出现的地方，宏汇编程序总是自动地把它们替换成相应的代码段。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;宏指令格式&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;宏指令名&nbsp;]&nbsp;&nbsp;MACRO&nbsp;&nbsp;[形式参数，。。。]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代码段&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ENDM&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在宏定义中，使用了“形式参数“，它们引用宏指令时被给出的一些名字或数值(实在参数)所替换。使用形式参数给宏指令带来了很大的灵活性。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)宏调用格式&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;宏指令名&nbsp;]&nbsp;&nbsp;[实在参数，。。。]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;注意:1、当有两个以上的实参数时，它们之间要用逗号，空格或列表符隔开。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、实参数项将对应替换宏指令中形式参数。如果形式参数为标号时，则在宏调用中，实参也应为标号，且要求实参是唯一的。如果宏定义中有自己的标号，则在宏调用时，汇编程序自动地把标号变成唯一的标号。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、7&nbsp;其他&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;替换名&nbsp;ALTNAME&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;功能:&nbsp;这一伪指令用来自定义名字，以替换源程序中原来的保留字，替换的保留字均可等效地用于子程序中。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;ALTNAME&nbsp;&nbsp;保留字&nbsp;&nbsp;自定义名&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;注意:&nbsp;自定义名与保留字之间首字符必须相同。&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;附加文件的链结&nbsp;INCLUDE&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;功能:&nbsp;利用此伪指令可将一个源文件插入到当前源文件中一起汇编，最终成为一个完整的源程序。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式:&nbsp;INCLUDE&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;驱动器名:&nbsp;]&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;路径名&nbsp;]&nbsp;&nbsp;文件名&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;注意:1、文件名中若没有扩展名，则系统默认是。ASM(该文件必须是能打开的)。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、被插入的源程序中不能包含END伪指令，否则汇编会停止运行。被链接文件的每一行，在程序清单中以“I“开头。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3、链接伪指令可有８级嵌套，&nbsp;若要求嵌套的多，&nbsp;则要修改&nbsp;DOS&nbsp;中的&nbsp;<BR><BR>CONFIG。SYS文件的FILES参数。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3&nbsp;宏汇编运行&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3、1&nbsp;系统运行环境&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASM-51宏汇编要在IBM-PC及其兼容机上运行(至少128K字节的RAM);具有一个软驱动器或硬驱动器，采用ANSI标准终端(包括键盘，显示控制器，打印机，至少一个RS-232异步通讯接口)。软件有PC-DOS，MS-DOS&nbsp;2。0&nbsp;以上版本，ASM_51系统。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3、2&nbsp;宏汇编程序的运行&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;以&nbsp;8051&nbsp;宏汇编为例，在DOS系统的提示符下键入&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&gt;&nbsp;ASM51&nbsp;&nbsp;文件名。ASM&nbsp;&lt;CR&gt;&nbsp;<BR><BR>等错误的个数出现后&nbsp;，键入&nbsp;&lt;CR&gt;&nbsp;变返回到DOS提示符下。8051的宏汇编与此相似。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4&nbsp;汇编的使用&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;使用ASM-51宏汇编是将8051源程序汇编生成列表输出文件和目标代码文件，供模拟/调试时使用。我们使用的宏汇编完全采用Inter标准助记符和行格式，因此在编写源程序时，可以使用宏汇编中的伪指令，&nbsp;以增加源程序的运行速度和可读性。也可以直接用&nbsp;Inter&nbsp;标准助记符来编写源程序。再经过ASM-51宏汇编进行汇编，便可得到列表输出文件和目标代码文件。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇编的格式如下:&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;ASM51&nbsp;&nbsp;文件名。ASM&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;可选项&nbsp;]&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;其中可选项为:&nbsp;/L，&nbsp;/H，&nbsp;/S，&nbsp;/P，&nbsp;/N&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/L&nbsp;表示源程序汇编后不生成列表册输出文件(.LST)，只显示在屏幕上。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/H&nbsp;表示源程序汇编后不生成目标代码文件(.HEX)。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/S&nbsp;表示源程序汇编后不生成符号表。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/P&nbsp;表示源程序汇编后生成符号表。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/N&nbsp;表示源程序汇编后，程序是连续的显示。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;如果没有选择项，则表示产生列表输出文件和目标代码文件，且在LST文件后面列出符号表。&nbsp;生成的目标代码便可以进行模拟/调试，如果在模拟/调试中发现错误，则源程序要经过修改，重新汇编，然后再进行模拟/调试，直到完全正确。&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;若程序汇编过程中有错误，则给出出错信息(出错信息见附录)。&nbsp;生成的目标代码可以进行模拟/调试/烧写。&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;附录&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASM-51&nbsp;汇编出错信息表&nbsp;<BR><BR>1&nbsp;&nbsp;Address&nbsp;Out&nbsp;of&nbsp;Range&nbsp;一个被计值的目标地址超出了当前语句的范围。&nbsp;<BR><BR>2&nbsp;&nbsp;Badly&nbsp;Formed&nbsp;Argument&nbsp;数字规定的类型中有非法数字存在。&nbsp;<BR><BR>3&nbsp;&nbsp;Illefal&nbsp;Equale&nbsp;有不允许的类型约定。&nbsp;<BR><BR>4&nbsp;&nbsp;Label&nbsp;Name&nbsp;Conflicts&nbsp;With&nbsp;Symbol&nbsp;Name&nbsp;在程序中有两个符号相同。&nbsp;<BR><BR>5&nbsp;&nbsp;Label&nbsp;Address&nbsp;Changed&nbsp;On&nbsp;Pass&nbsp;2。&nbsp;源程序在此错误之前，还有一些错误。&nbsp;<BR><BR>6&nbsp;&nbsp;Missing&nbsp;Argument&nbsp;in&nbsp;Expression&nbsp;表达式中算术运算符后面没有操作数。&nbsp;<BR><BR>7&nbsp;&nbsp;Missing&nbsp;END&nbsp;Statrment&nbsp;汇编的源程序结尾未发现END语句。&nbsp;<BR><BR>8&nbsp;&nbsp;Multiply&nbsp;Defined&nbsp;Label&nbsp;源程序中定义了两个标号。&nbsp;<BR><BR>9&nbsp;&nbsp;Unbalanced&nbsp;Parentheses&nbsp;表达式中多余或缺少括号。&nbsp;<BR><BR>10&nbsp;Undefined&nbsp;Symbol&nbsp;语句中的符号名可能拼错或未被定义。&nbsp;<BR><BR>11&nbsp;Unrecognized&nbsp;Statemen&nbsp;or&nbsp;Undefined&nbsp;Argument&nbsp;未定义参数的指令或代码。&nbsp;<BR><BR>12&nbsp;Value&nbsp;Out&nbsp;of&nbsp;Range&nbsp;有一个非法的值来说明一个有着可能值限制的语句。]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[tiny15的基本参数]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/2008822141935.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-22 14:19:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[1.&nbsp;高性能低功耗8&nbsp;位AVR&nbsp;结构<BR>2.&nbsp;先进的RISC&nbsp;结构<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;90&nbsp;条指令大多数为单指令周期<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32&nbsp;个8&nbsp;位通用工作寄存器<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;全静态工作<BR>3.&nbsp;数据和非易失性程序内存<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1K&nbsp;字节的在线可编程FLASH<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;擦除次数1000&nbsp;次<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;64&nbsp;字节在线可编程EEPROM<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;寿命100000&nbsp;次<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;程序加密位<BR>4.&nbsp;外围Peripheral&nbsp;特点<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;两个可预分频Prescale&nbsp;的8&nbsp;位定时器/计数一个高速100kHz&nbsp;PWM&nbsp;输出<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4&nbsp;通道10&nbsp;位ADC<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一个具有可选20&nbsp;倍增益的差分通道<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;片内模拟比较器<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可编程的看门狗定时器由片内振荡器生成<BR>5.&nbsp;特别的MCU&nbsp;特点<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;通过SPI&nbsp;口的ISP<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;内外部中断源<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;低功耗空闲和掉电模式<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;低功耗减噪和掉电模式<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;增强的上电复位电路<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可编程的BOD&nbsp;电路<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;内部1.6MHz&nbsp;可调谐振荡器<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;内部T/C1&nbsp;25.6MHz&nbsp;时钟发生器<BR>6.&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;和封装<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp;脚PDIP/SOIC&nbsp;6&nbsp;个可编程I/O<BR>7.&nbsp;工作电压<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7V-5.5V&nbsp;ATtiny15/L1L<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.0V-5.5V&nbsp;ATtiny15/L<BR>8.&nbsp;内部系统时钟<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.8&nbsp;–&nbsp;1.6MHz<BR>9.&nbsp;商业及工业温度范围<BR>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[兆欧表的使用方法及要求]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/2008820163123.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-20 16:31:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[1.测量前，应将兆欧表保持水平位置，左手按住表身，右手摇动兆欧表摇柄，转速约120r/min，指针应指向无穷大（∞），否则说明兆欧表有故障。 
<DIV>2.测量前，应切断被<A href="http://www.studydz.com/"><STRONG>测电器</STRONG></A>及回路的电源，并对相关元件进行临时接地放电，以保证人身与兆欧表的安全和测量结果准确。</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;3.测量时必须正确接线。兆欧表共有3个接线端（L、E、G）。测量回路对地电阻时，L端与回路的裸露导体连接，E端连接接地线或金属外壳；测量回路的绝缘电阻时，回路的首端与尾端分别与L、E连接；测量电缆的绝缘电阻时，为防止电缆表面泄漏电流对测量精度产生影响，应将电缆的屏蔽层接至G端。</DIV>
<DIV>4.兆欧表接线柱引出的测量软线绝缘应良好，两根导线之间和导线与地之间应保持适当距离，以免影响测量精度。&lt;BR&gt;5.摇动兆欧表时，不能用手接触兆欧表的接线柱和被测回路，以防触电。&lt;BR&gt;6.摇动兆欧表后，各接线柱之间不能短接，以免损坏</DIV>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[万用表的使用技巧]]></title>
<link>http://www.cediy.com/blog/user1/456/archives/2008/2008820163037.html</link>
<author>coolnie</author>
<pubDate>2008-8-20 16:30:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face=宋体>一、指针表和数字表的选用：</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</SPAN>、指针表读取精度较差，但指针摆动的过程比较直观，其摆动速度幅度有时也能比较客观地反映了被测量的大小（比如测电视机数据总线（<SPAN lang=EN-US>SDL</SPAN>）在传送数据时的轻微抖动）；数字表读数直观，但数字变化的过程看起来很杂乱，不太容易观看。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</SPAN>、指针表内一般有两块电池，一块低电压的<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.5V</SPAN>，一块是高电压的<SPAN lang=EN-US>9V</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>15V</SPAN>，其黑表笔相对红表笔来说是正端。数字表则常用一块<SPAN lang=EN-US>6V</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>9V</SPAN>的电池。在电阻档，指针表的表笔输出电流相对数字表来说要大很多，用<SPAN lang=EN-US>R×1Ω</SPAN>档可以使扬声器发出响亮的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>哒<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>声，用<SPAN lang=EN-US>R×10kΩ</SPAN>档甚至可以点亮发光二极管（<SPAN lang=EN-US>LED</SPAN>）。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</SPAN>、在电压档，指针表内阻相对数字表来说比较小，测量精度相比较差。某些高电压微电流的场合甚至无法测准，因为其内阻会对被测电路造成影响（比如在测电视机显像管的加速级电压时测量值会比实际值低很多）。数字表电压档的内阻很大，至少在兆欧级，对被测电路影响很小。但极高的输出阻抗使其易受感应电压的影响，在一些电磁干扰比较强的场合测出的数据可能是虚的。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</SPAN>、总之，在相对来说大电流高电压的模拟电路测量中适用指针表，比如电视机、音响功放。在低电压小电流的数字电路测量中适用数字表，比如<SPAN lang=EN-US>BP</SPAN>机、手机等。不是绝对的，可根据情况选用指针表和数字表。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR></SPAN>二、测量技巧（如不作说明，则指用的是指针表）：</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</SPAN>、测喇叭、耳机、动圈式话筒：用<SPAN lang=EN-US>R×1Ω</SPAN>档，任一表笔接一端，另一表笔点触另一端，正常时会发出清脆响量的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>哒<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>声。如果不响，则是线圈断了，如果响声小而尖，则是有擦圈问题，也不能用。</FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</SPAN>、测电容：用电阻档，根据电容容量选择